Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

Average rate of annual geometric population growth - average annual increment to the population, measured by the expression i= being P(t+n) and P(t) populations which correspond to two consecutive dates, and n the time interval between these two dates, measured by year and fraction of a year.

Urbanization rate - percentage of the urban population in relation to the total population.

Sex ratio - ratio between the number of men and women in a given population.

Dependency ratio - weight of the non-active population (0 to 14 years of age and 65 years and over) in the potentially active population (15 to 64 years of age).

Total fertility rate - the average number of children a woman from a hypothetical cohort (aged 15 to 49) would have by the end of her reproductive period.

Life expectancy at birth - average number of years a newly-born baby is expected to live if subject to condition of mortality.

Infant mortality rate - occurrence of deaths of children aged one year or younger per 1000 live births in a given population, in the calendar year.

Child mortality rate - occurrence of deaths of infants and children under the age of five per 1000 live births in a given population, in the calendar year.

Years of schooling - period established as a function of the highest grade and level reached by the person, considering the last grade successfully completed (Population Census, 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1995).

Family - a group of persons affiliated by consanguinity, domestic dependence or co-residence norms, living in the same housing unit; or a person who lives alone in a housing unit. Domestic dependence is the relationship established between the reference person and the domestic workers and non-paying unrelated persons; co-residence norms are the rules established for the relationship among persons who live together, when they are not affiliated by consanguinity or domestic dependence. Co-resident families are those formed by at least two persons each, living in the same housing unit (private household of residential unit in collective housing unit) (PNAD, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Monthly income - sum of the monthly income from work to the income received from other sources (PNAD, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1995).

Monthly household income - sum of the monthly income earned by household members, except for persons whose position in the family is roomer, domestic worker or relative of the domestic worker.

Color or race - a characteristic declared by persons according to the following options: white, black, yellow, brown or indian.

Gini Index - a measure of statistical dispersion whose value ranges from zero (perfect equality) to one (perfect inequality).

Note: The data in the table refer to the distribution of the monthly income of income-earners aged 10 years and over.

Work - exercise of: a) activity paid in money, products, goods or benefits, such as housing, food, clothes, etc., to produce goods and services; b) activity paid in money or benefits, such as housing, food, clothes, etc., in domestic services; c) unpaid activity performed to produce goods and services, for at least one hour a week; in assistance to a member of the housing unit who has a job as: a worker in the production of primary goods (encompassing agriculture, silviculture, livestock, forestry, mining and quarrying, hunting, fishing and fish farming); own-account worker or employer; in assistance to a religious, charity or cooperative institution; as an apprentice or intern; d) activity performed for at least one hour a week: in the production of goods of the subsector that encompasses agriculture, silviculture, livestock, forestry, fishing and fish farming, for own-consumption of at least one member of the housing unit; or in the construction of buildings, driveways, wells and other types of betterment, except services directed to refurbishing only, for own use of at least one member of the housing unit. (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996). This definition is more comprehensive than that adopted for PNAD up to 1990. Up to 1990, the concept of work did not encompass unpaid activities performed for less than 15 hours a week or subsistence work  and own-use construction work.

Economically-active population (PEA) - formed by persons aged 10 to 65 classified as employed or unemployed in the week of reference of the survey.

Unemployment rate (or open unemployment) - percentage of unemployed persons in relation to the economically active population.

Employee - a person working for an employer for a fixed number of hours and earning compensation in money, goods, products or only benefits (housing, food, clothes, etc.). This category includes persons enlisted in the armed forces for compulsory military services, and also priests, church ministers, preachers, rabbis, friars, nuns and other clergy members (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Domestic worker - a person who works performing domestic activities paid in money or benefits, in one or more housing units (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Self-employed- a person who works in their own business, without employees, alone or with a partner, with or without the help of an unpaid worker (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Employer - a person who works in an economic activity in their own enterprise, with at least one employee (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Unpaid - a person working without compensation for at least one hour a week, in assistance to a member of the household who is an own-account worker or employer in any activity, or employed in agriculture, silviculture; in assistance to a religious, charity or cooperative institution; as an apprentice or intern (PNAD 1992,1993,1995, 1996).

Own-use construction worker - a person working for at least one hour a week, in the construction of buildings, driveways, wells and other betterment (except the works directed to refurbishment only) for own use of at least one member of the household (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Subsistence worker - a person working for at least one hour a week, in the production of goods of the subsector, which encompasses the activities of agriculture, silviculture, livestock, forestry, fishing and fish farming, for own-consumption of at least one member of the household (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Illiteracy rate - percentage of illiterate persons(*) of a given age group in relation to the total of persons in the same age group.

(*) illiterate - person who cannot read or write a simple note in their own language.

Schooling rate - percentage of students of a given age group in relation to the total persons in the same age group.

Household with treated water - permanent private household which receives piped water from public water supply system, with internal distribution in one or more rooms (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Household with sewage disposal system (or sceptic tank) - permanent private household in which the bathroom or toilet drain of one of its residents is connected to a sewage disposal system or sceptic tank.

Sewage disposal system - when the wastewater or waste is connected to a collection system that takes them to the general place of disposal of the area, region or municipality, even when the system does not have a station for the treatment of the matter discharged; sceptic tank - when the wastewater and waste are taken to a tank, where they are treated or decanted, and the liquid is absorbed by the land itself or piped up to an area of disposal (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).

Private household - dwelling place of a person or group of persons, where the relationship is based on consanguinity, domestic dependence or co-residence norms. The private household is classified as permanent when it is located in a unit intended to be a dwelling place (house, apartmnent and room) (PNAD 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996).