Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

Description

The Environmental-Economic Accounting is a system of measurement and analysis, represented by a set of tables, which describes the interaction between the environment and the economy in order to give support to planning and decision making for public and business policies.

The methodology of economic and environmental accounting has been established by the United Nations through the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting - SEEA, in order to integrating economic, environmental and social data into a single statistical structure, considering also the characteristics of the country with regard to environmental, social and economic particularities and the availability of data. SEEA has eight thematic areas, including specific natural resources, such as water and energy, in addition to Ecosystem Accounting, among others. The proposed methodology for specific resource accounts is based on a central framework that accounts for the natural resources involved in the production of goods and services, establishing a relationship between the natural resources used and the income generated by different economic activities. In Brazil, the series of information on Environmental-Economic Accounting - CEA, results from a partnership between the IBGE and the National Water Agency - ANA. It began with the disclosure of results on the Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water - CEAA, covering the period from 2013 to 2015, based on the methodological recommendations in a specific manual for water: System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water, SEEA-Water. Ecosystem accounting, in turn, is based on the methodological recommendations contained in a specific manual: System of Environmental-Economic Accounting 2012: Experimental Ecosystem Accounting, SEEA-EEA, given the need to cross georeferenced spatial data. This methodology is being consolidated and tested by the United Nations, and the study is still called Experimental Ecosystem Accounting. The IBGE started the methodological tests for ecosystem accounting in 2017, from its participation in the Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services (Ncaves) project - a United Nations global project, financed by the European Union which includes five countries (South Africa, Brazil, China, India and Mexico). The first results of the Ecosystem Accounting include Land Use in Brazilian Biomes, covering the period from 2000 to 2018, and the Endangered Species in Brazil, whose reference is 2014.

Currently, the accounts for water, energy, forests (wood and non-wood resources), biodiversity, ecosystem extent (ET) and ecosystem condition (EC) are being developed, tested and planned by the IBGE in partnership with specialized institutions. The geographic scope of these studies is national, with results published for different territorial sets.