Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística

Description

The territorial and environmental legislation conceived after the promulgation of the 1988 Federal Constitution of Brazil encompasses as Protected Areas all Conservation Areas, Indigenous Lands and Quilombola Territories, and establishes as conservation strategies the connection between the protection of plant remnants of particular importance and the recognition of traditional forms of land use and occupation that contribute to environmental conservation by means of sustainable practices. Protected Areas are essential for people’s
quality of life and for the preservation of biodiversity, as they function not only as refuges for the fauna and flora, but also for climate regulation, protection of water and soil resources, pollination, and generation of responsible economic opportunities, among other possibilities.

Making an environmental and statistical portrait of the Protected Areas, based on the geography of the Legal Amazon, is the proposal of the IBGE in this publication, given their wide territorial extent – together, they cover 46.60% of that geography’s area and 27.46% of Brazil’s total area.

The environmental analysis presented here discusses aspects of the physical and biotic environments of the Legal Amazon, as well as the predominant vegetation types in the Protected Areas (Conservation Areas, Indigenous Lands and officially delimited Quilombola Territories) in it, according to the Brazilian Vegetation Classification used by the IBGE. To this end, records from the Environmental Information Database - BDiA, also from the IBGE, were used, consolidated as of August 31, 2025.

The statistical analysis covers the resident population of Protected Areas (Conservation Areas, Indigenous Lands and officially delimited Quilombola Territories) in the Legal Amazon, considering sex and age; ethnic-racial belonging; literacy status of persons aged 15 years and over; and sanitation aspects (water supply, sewage disposal and waste collection) of occupied permanent private housing units in these Protected Areas, according to the parameters of the National Sanitation Plan - Plansab. To this end, statistics from the 2022 Population Census were used.

The information gathered in this publication, conveniently offered to interested parties from all over the world on the occasion of the 30th UN Conference on Climate Change - COP30, held in the Brazilian Amazônia in 2025,
is available at various access points on the IBGE portal on the Internet, including the IBGE Automatic Retrieval System - Sidra, the 2022 Census Overview channel, the Interactive Geographic Platform - PGI and the Environmental Information Database - BDiA.