The March 2026 estimate for the national harvest of cereals, legumes and oilseeds was 348.4 million tonnes, 0.7% higher than that obtained in 2025 (346.1 million tonnes), an increase of 2.3 million tonnes. It increased by 4.3 million tonnes (1.2%) in relation to February.

The area to be harvested was 83.2 million hectares, an increase of 1.6 million hectares compared to the area harvested in 2025, an annual growth of 2.0%. In relation to the previous month, the area to be harvested increased by 265,837 hectares (0.3%). The estimated production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds for March 2026 was a record in the IBGE time series.

Rice, corn and soybeans are the three main products in this group, which, together, represented 92.9% of the production estimate and accounted for 87.6% of the area to be harvested.

In relation to the previous year, there was a growth of 1.0% in the area to be harvested for soybeans; 3.3% for corn (increases of 10.3% in corn - 1st crop corn and 1.6% in corn - 2nd crop); and 7.0% in sorghum, with declines of 6.9% in upland cottonseed; 10.1% for paddy rice; and 3.3% for beans.

With regard to the production, there was an increase of 4.6% for soybeans and a decrease of 11.9% for upland cottonseed; 10.4% for paddy rice; 2.4% for corn (growth of 13.7% for corn - 1st crop and decline of 6.0% for corn - 2nd crop); 2.0% for beans; 0.2% for sorghum; and 5.7% for wheat.

Central-West leads production in March 2026, with 167.5 million tonnes

Among the Major Regions, the volume of production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed the following distribution: Central-West with 50.1%; South (26.5%); Southeast (8.8%); Northeast (8.4%) and North (6.2%).

The estimated production of cereals, legumes and oilseeds showed a positive annual change for the South (7.1%) and Northeast (5.6%) Regions; and negative for the Central-West (-2.3%), the Southeast (-1.9%) and the North (-3.2%). As for the monthly change, the production increased: North (0.3%), Central-West (3.9%) and Northeast (1.3%). In the Southeast there was stability (0.0%), while the South showed a decline (-2.9%).

In relation to February, there were increases in the production estimates for sorghum (10.2% or 500,158 t), grapes (5.0% or 102,910 t), coffea canephora (4.7% or 56,454 t), barley (4.6% or 28,400 t), peanuts - 1st crop (4.1% or 44,363 t), corn - 2nd crop (3.5% or 3,638,303 t), corn - 1st crop (1.3% or 383,686 t), oat (1.0% or 12,529 t), sugarcane (0.8% or 5,654,689 t), soybeans (0.3% or 477,101 t), beans - 3rd crop (0.1% or 719 t) and coffea arabica (0.1% or 1,889 t). There were declines in peanuts - 2nd crop (-7.9% or -3,371 t), wheat (-4.2% or -320,236 t), beans - 2nd crop (-4.2% or -51,477 t), rice (-2.7% or -314,921 t), upland cotton (-1.5% or -133,370 t), cassava (-1.4% or -282,626 t) and beans - 1st crop (-0.3% or -2,940 t).

In the distribution of the production across Federation Units, Mato Grosso leads as the largest national grain producer, with a share of 31.0%, followed by Paraná (13.7%), Rio Grande do Sul (10.8%), Goiás (10.7%), Mato Grosso do Sul (8.2%) and Minas Gerais (5.4%), which, together, represented 79.8% of the total. Regarding regional participation, there are the following distribution: Central-West (50.1%), South (26.5%), Southeast (8.8%), Northeast (8.4%) and North (6.2%).

Crops

UPLAND COTTONSEED – The estimate for the production of upland cottonseed was 8.7 million tonnes, a reduction of 1.5% compared to the previous month, due to the 1.2% smaller cultivated area. Mato Grosso, the largest national producer, with nearly 70.7% of the national total, estimated a production of 6.2 million tonnes, a reduction of 2.5% compared to the previous month.

PADDY RICE – The estimate for rice production was 11.3 million tonnes, a reduction of 2.7% compared to the previous month's estimates. This reduction is a reflection of the prices and profitability of the crop, which are at low levels for the producers, discouraging the increase in area and investments in crops. In Rio Grande do Sul, the production was estimated at 7.9 million tonnes, a reduction of 1.8% compared to the previous month and a decline of 9.3% compared to the volume produced in 2025.

COFFEE (beans) -The Brazilian production, considering the two species, arabica and canephora, was estimated at 3.9 million tonnes, or 65.1 million bags of 60 kg, increases of 1.5% in relation to the previous month and 13.1% in relation to the volume produced in 2025, a record in the time series of the survey, considering from 2002, when there was a change in the unit of measure and began to release coffee beans.

For coffea arabica, the estimated production was 2.6 million tonnes or 44.0 million 60-kg bags, an increase of 0.1% compared to the previous month.

For coffea canephora, the production estimate was 1.3 million tonnes or 21.1 million 60-kg bags, an increase of 4.7% in relation to the previous month and 0.8% in relation to the volume produced in 2025. The estimated production for coffea canephora, in 2026, was a record in the IBGE time series.

WINTER CEREALS (grain) – For wheat (grain), the estimated production reached 7.4 million tonnes, declines of 4.2% compared to the previous month and 5.7% compared to 2025. The decline in the wheat cultivated area in the 2026 harvest was due to the cereal prices that are showing low profitability, as well as the discouragement of producers, who have been experiencing losses in the production and cereal quality in recent harvests, due to climate problems in the South Region, especially in Rio Grande do Sul. 

The production of oat (in grain) was estimated at 1.3 million tonnes, an increase of 1.0% compared to the previous month and a decline of 2.3% compared to the volume harvested in 2025. The largest producers of the cereal were Rio Grande do Sul, with 922.3 thousand tonnes, a decline of 1.4% in relation to the volume harvested in 2025; and Paraná, with 265.2 thousand tonnes, increases of 3.1% in relation to February and in relation to the volume harvested in 2025. The production in Santa Catarina was expected to reach 43.7 thousand tonnes, a decline of 14.4% in relation to the volume produced in 2025.

For barley (grain), the estimated production was 646.1 thousand tonnes, an increase of 4.6% in relation to the previous month and 2.1% in relation to the volume produced in 2025. The largest Brazilian barley producers were Paraná, with 520.4 thousand tonnes, a growth of 5.8% compared to February and 5.6% compared to the volume produced in 2025, expecting to participate with 80.5% in the Brazilian harvest in 2026; and Rio Grande do Sul, with a production of 110.4 thousand tonnes, a decline of 13.4% in relation to the volume produced in 2025.

BEANS (in grain) – The March estimate for bean production, considering the three harvests, reached 3.0 million tonnes, a reduction of 1.8% compared to the previous month and 2.0% compared to the 2025 harvest. This production should meet the Brazilian domestic consumption in 2026, with no need to import the product.

CORN (grain) - The estimated corn production was 138.3 million tonnes, a growth of 3.0% compared to February 2026 and a decline of 2.4% compared to the volume produced in 2025. The Central-West Region, the largest national producer, with a 57.3% share of the total to be produced in 2026, saw an increase of 4.5% in the production estimate, compared to the previous month.

SOYBEAN (in grain) – The production estimate reached a new record in the time series in 2026, adding up to 173.7 million tonnes, an increase of 0.3% compared to the previous month and 4.6% higher compared to the amount obtained in the previous year. The cultivated area should grow by 1.0% and reach 48.3 million hectares, while the average yield, of 3,603 kg/ha, should grow by 3.6% compared to the previous year. A

SORGHUM (grain) – The estimated sorghum production was 5.4 million tonnes, an increase of 10.2% compared to February. The planted area should be 6.4% larger, as well as the average yield (3.6%). The estimated sorghum planted area should be around 1.6 million hectares or 2.0% of the total occupied by cereals, legumes and oilseeds, representing 1.5% of the production of this group. The average yield should reach 3,275 kg/ha in March 2026.

GRAPES - In March 2026, the Brazilian grape market maintained a relatively stable situation. After the cycle of strong expansion and fall in prices observed in 2025, March 2026 shows signs of recomposition of margins for producers due to area adjustments in important production hubs. The grape harvest was estimated at 2.2 million tonnes, a slight decrease of 1.3% compared to 2025, but an increase of 5.0% compared to the February estimate.

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