The Extended National Consumer Price Index 15 (IPCA-15) was 0.48% in September and was 0.62 percentage points (p.p.) above the August result (-0.14%).

The IPCA-E, which is the quarterly cumulative IPCA-15, stood at 0.67%, above the rate of 0.62% recorded in the same period of 2024.

Of the nine product and service groups surveyed, five saw increases in September. The largest change and the greatest positive impact came from Housing (3.31% and 0.50 percentage points). Food and beverages (-0.35% and -0.08 percentage points) recorded the fourth consecutive reduction in average prices. Other changes ranged from a 0.25% decline in Transportation to a 0.97% increase in Apparel.

In the Housing group (3.31%), the main and largest individual impact on the monthly index came from residential electricity (0.47 percentage points). After a 4.93% drop in August, it rose 12.17% in September with the end of the Itaipu Bonus program, credited to bills issued in August. It is worth noting the red tariff flag level 2, effective September 1st, adding R$7.87 to the electricity bill for every 100 kWh consumed. Furthermore, there was a 4.25% tariff increase in Belém (11.38%), effective on August 7th.

Also worth mentioning was the change in water and sewage rates (0.02%), with a 4.97% tariff increase in Salvador (0.31%), effective July 18th. The result for the piped gas subitem (0.19%) is due to the 6.41% increase in bills in Curitiba (3.32%), effective on August 1st, and the average 1.22% reduction in tariffs in Rio de Janeiro (-0.66%), also effective on August 1st.

In the Apparel group (0.97%), the increases in women's clothing (1.19%) and footwear and accessories (1.02%) stand out.

The result for the Health and Personal Care group (0.36%) in September was influenced by the health plans (0.50%).

In Food and Beverages (-0.35%), the food at home group recorded a -0.63% change, after falling 1.02% in the previous month. Contributing to this result were declines in tomatoes (-17.49%), onions (-8.65%), rice (-2.91%), and ground coffee (-1.81%). Among the increases, fruits stood out, rising by an average of 1.03%.

Food away from home (0.36%) slowed compared to the previous month (0.71%), due to less intense increases in snacks (from 1.44% in August to 0.70% in September) and meals (from 0.40% to 0.20%).

In the Transportation group (-0.25% and -0.05 percentage points), the result was influenced by voluntary vehicle insurance (-5.95%) and airfare (-2.61%). Regarding fuels (-0.10%), vehicle gas (-1.55%) and gasoline (-0.13%) saw price declines, while diesel fuel (0.38%) and ethanol (0.15%) saw price increases.

This was also reflected in the reduction of free passes on the subway (-0.67%) in Brasília (-9.85%), and on urban buses (-0.79%) in Brasília (-9.85%) and Belém (-6.27%), as well as the fare reduction in Curitiba (-2.86%). Additionally, taxi fares (4.44%) incorporated an average increase of 24.53% in fares in Belém (21.53%), effective on August 12, and a 12.37% increase in fares in São Paulo (10.55%), effective on August 11.

Regarding regional indices, all 11 service areas saw increases in September. The largest change was observed in Recife (0.80%), due to the increase in residential electricity (10.69%) and gasoline (4.78%). The lowest result occurred in Goiânia (0.10%), which recorded a drop in the prices of gasoline (-2.78%) and tomatoes (-24.39%).

To calculate the IPCA-15, prices were collected from August 15 to September 15 (reference) and compared with those in effect from July 16 to August 14 (base). The indicator refers to families with incomes between 1 and 40 minimum wages and covers the Metropolitan Areas of Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, Belo Horizonte, Recife, São Paulo, Belém, Fortaleza, Salvador, and Curitiba, as well as Brasília and the municipality of Goiânia. The methodology used is the same as the IPCA; the difference lies in the price collection period and geographic scope.